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Articles and case comments
- Explanations of Judicial Practice as a Product of the 1942 German Reform of Justice Institutions and Judicial SystemThe article is devoted to the history of the institution of the judicial letters (Richterbriefe), the implementation of which was one of the measures of the German Reform of 1942 of justice institutions and judicial system. According to the idea of its creators, this institution was supposed to form a «correct» view of judicial manpower concerning the judicial practice, corresponding to the needs of society and of the state, by means of the selective publications of extracts from judgements on specific cases. The Imperial Ministry of Justice was assigned to make the systematisation of the judicial practice for its «streamlining» and «direction». Law reviews and generalisations were published in a specially created press organ with a Ministry’s assessment of the correctness of the judgements. The task of the judicial letters was not to create direct, meaningful directives on the judgements to be made in specific cases, but indirectly to formulate principles for evaluating positive law through the prism of society’s needs in certain adjudication. The article describes the conditions for the establishment of the institution of judicial letters in Nazi Germany, defines also the causes and the motives of the reform of justice announced in 1942, its goals and objectives, as well as its measures to overcome the «crisis of justice». Concerning the institution of judicial letters, the article represents the provided by the reform process of the collection and systematisation of judicial practice, the selection criteria for publication of court decisions, analyses the methodological impact of judicial letters on the law enforcement process, describes the introduction of this institute into practice, including the distribution of judicial letters, and related complications relating to this history. Such a way of influencing the process of administration of justice was not accepted by the German judiciary. It was manifested in the large-scale evasion of judges from fulfiling the obligation to send copies of judgements to the Ministry for systematisation of judicial practice, strengthening with the end of the war approaching. More experienced and old judges interpreted the judicial letters as an instrument for intrusion into their exclusive competence area, which